Dynamo-electric machine



(NC Model.)

C. F. W'INKLBR. DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

NC. 431,134. Patented July 1, 1890.

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1 M-MMCM W UNITEDl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES F. WINKLER, OF TROY, NEV YORK.

DYNMOELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,134, dated July 1,1890.

Application iile. September 16, 1889. Serial No. 324,034. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. WINKLER, a citizen of the United States,residing in Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo ElectricMachines, of which the following'is a specitication. i

This invention relates to dynamo-electric machinery, with particularreference to the armatures of the same.

The objects of the invention are, first, to provide an armature havingtwo independent circuits or sets of coils having outlet through separatecommutators, and Winding said circuits or coils in such a manner thatthe magnetic resistance due to the distance between the iron core andthe faces of the pole-pieces is reduced to a minimum; second, to utilizeand dispose of the currents generated in the circuits in such a mannerthat the simplest and most delicate form of regulation may be adopted;third, to provide a method of winding or disposition of the twoconductors upon the armature, whereby a current of the highestelectro-motive force may be induced in one of them, while a current oflower tension may be induced in the other, the arrangement being suchthat the whole of the usual available Wire-space is utilized by thehigh-tension conductor, no part of the same being sacrificed by reasonof the second circuit, ample provision being made for the latter in sucha manner that it does not interfere in the least nor occupy any of thespace usually occupied by the conductor of a singlecircuit armature. Theaddition of the second circuit therefore does not increase the size ofthe armature, nor does it increase the magnetic resistance; fourth, toprovide what may be termed a harmless machine, and, fifth, to constructan armature of the Siemens type in such a manner that the heads or endsof the same will not be greatly extended by reason of the crossing ofthe conductors at those places.

'With these objects in view my invention consists of the construction,which will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,in which- Figure l represents a section of the armature with thefield-magnets in elevation; Fig. 2, a londitudinal section of thearmature. Figs. 3 and 4 are side views, respectively, of the plates ofdisks used in the Siemens and Gramme type of armature. Figs. 5 and (iare views of modified constructions, and Fig. 7 is a diagram ofthecircuits in my machine.

Referring to the drawings by letter, A A represent the field-magnets,and B B the polepieces of the dynamo or motor.

O represents the armature.

In Figs. l and 2 I have illustrated the type of armature known as theSiemens but it will be obvious that my invention is applicable to Grammearmatures. I have shown the armature built up of a number of perforatediron plates or disks c, which are strung upon a brass sleeve D, whichsurrounds the shaft. These plates lnay be stamped out of iron,drop-forged, or cast. If cast, they may be treated by any of theimproved processes for rendering cast-iron similar in quality towrought-iron. The perfor-ations in the plates are to be then treated orsurrounded by dipping or otherwise with enamel, porcelain, or

some other insulating material. The sleeve is hollow to form anair-space, and one of its heads is made integral therewith, while theother d is detachable therefrom and is made in the shape of a screw-cap,which engages with internal threads cut in the end of the sleeve. Thiscap and the integral end of the sleeve form the points of connection orsupport between the armature and the shaft. The heads of the sleeve areperforated, as shown at CZ', to admit air to the air-chamber within.These heads or ends of the sleeve are also dished or concave, as shown,so that when a Siemens winding is crossed over the heads of the armaturethe same may be forced into these depressions or cavities in the headsof the sleeve, and thus shorten materially the length of the armatureand enabling me to build a more compact and rigid structure. The headsof the sleeve, besides performing the functions already mentioned, alsoserve to retain the disks in position. The obvious manner of placingthese disks is to slip them over the end of the sleeve when the cap isIOO removed until the proper number have been adjusted, then screwingthe cap into place, and compressing all together. As a further means ofscrewing the disks together and preventing rotary movement with respectto one another, Ibore longitudinal holes directly through the plates andthe heads of the sleeve, and after inserting therein a bushing ofinsulating material c', I put in bolts c2 and countersink the heads ofthe same in the heads of the sleeve, in the manner shown. I also mayinsert between every7 two plates and surrounding the bolts a smallwasher c3, of insulating material, which will hold the plates apart,thus thoroughly insulating` them and oifering means of ventilation. Acurrent of air will pass through the heads of the sleeve into theair-chamber, and thence through the perforations in the sleeve to theair-spaces between the plates.

The core so far described is now ready to :receive the winding of wire.In Figs. 1,3, and l I have shown two series or rows of holes e and c.The outer row of holes is placed as near to the periphery of the disksas possible, and the inner row is placed at any desired distance fromthe outer row, this distance being regulated by the electro-motive forcewhich it is desired to obtain in the conductors occupying this second orinner row of holes. The holes in the several disks stand in longitudinallines in the armature, so that the conductors may be readily threadedthrough them. As above stated, this armature is designed to carry twoseparate circuits. These circuits are represented by l and 2 in Fig. 7.Each circuit has its separate cominutator 1 and 2. In winding thisarmature the circuit occupying the inner row of holes is put on first.Either one or a number of wires may be strung through each hole. If thearmature is of the Siemens type, the crossed-over wires at the head maybe forced into the depressions in the heads of the sleeve. After thiscircuit is in place and connected with the commutator the second circuitis strung through the outer row of holes. This circuit will lap over theinner circuit at the heads. In the case of a Gralnme the so-calleddead-wire of the outer circuit is wrapped directly over the dead-wire ofthe inner circuit in an obvious manner. It will be seen at a glancethat, other things being equal, the current induced in the outer circuitwill be of higher electro-motive force than that induced in the innercircuit; and, furthermore, that the electro-motive forces of thecurrents in the two circuits may be predetermined with respect to eachother by the distance of the holes in each row from the periphery of theiron core. To obtain the highest electro-motive forces, it will probablybe best to wind the outer circuit directly on the periphery of the ironcore, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and G, in which case the inner availablewire-space on the periphery of the armature may be utilized for theouter circuit and the inner circuit will in no wise interfere with suchlocation of the outer circuit. It is therefore obvious that the secondor inner circuit does not practically augment the bulk or space occupiedby the armature, inasmuch as 1t utilizes portions of the same which werenot before utilized.

In Fig. 6 a Pacinotti ring is illustrated, wound with two circuits. Inthis case the second circuit is strung through perforations located onthe iron directly under the teeth or projections of the iron.

I-Iaving two circuits on my armature and being able to obtain any kindof current, I am at liberty to use them as I please. I may feedincandescent lamps from one circuit and arc lamps from another, or I maysupply any form of translating device from one circuit and energize thefield-magnets with the other circuit. I prefer to utilize the circuitsas latterly suggested, because in this way I can use the simplest formof regulatingmechanism and can regulate with the greatest dehcacy andleast sparking at the brushes. By shifting the brushes of thefield-circuit I can regulate the strength of the field to the mostdelicate degree and without any sparking. The shifting of the brushes onthe ordinary form of machines is usually accompanied by sparking becauseof the heavy current carried in the main circuit in which the brushesare located; but no injury by sparking need occur on a circuit carryingso little current as is necessary to energize the field-magnets. Anotherreason why I prefer to utilize the circuits of the armature to energizethe iieldmagnets is because of the harmlessness of the machine undersuch condition.

It is a very dangerous experiment for a person to break with his barehands the main circuit of a high-potential generator, either by removingthe brushes from theconimutator or parting the conductor at any point,for the reason that the reaction or kick of the field-magnets is sogreat as to give a severe shock to the person, beside injury to themachine. This will happenin all cases where the field-magnets are inseries or in a shunt to the main circuit. In my machine the fieldmagnetshave no connection whatever with the main circuit. Consequently therecan be no reaction of the field-magnets when the main circuit is broken.The field remains constant so long as the position of the brushes andthe speed remain constant.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. An armature fordynamoelectric machines carrying two separate circuits, one of which iswound entirely inside or underneath the other, thereby locating it moreor less rcmote from the periphery of the armature and correspondinglyaffecting the electro-motive force induced therein.

2. An armature for dynamoelectric ma- IOO IIO

chimes carrying two separate circuits, both In witness whereof l havehereunto signed being strung through holes in the armaturemy neme in thepresence of two subscribing core, one of which is wound entirely insidewitnesses.

or underneath the other, thereby locating it CHARLES F. WINKLER. more orless remote from the periphery of Vitnesses: the armature andcorrespondingly :meeting WILLIAM L. HALL,

the electro-motive force induced therein. CHARLES S. BRINTNALL.

